Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Dataware House Architecture - 1947 Words

DATA WAREHOUSE ARCHITECTURE Albina Yusupova Data Warehouse Architecture The main difference between the database architecture in a standard, on-line transaction processing oriented system (usually ERP or CRM system) and a Data Warehouse is that the system’s relational model is usually de-normalized into dimension and fact tables which are typical to a data warehouse database design. The differences in the database architectures are caused by different purposes of their existence. In a typical OLTP system the database performance is crucial, as end-user interface responsiveness is one of the most important factors determining usefulness of the application. That kind of a database needs to†¦show more content†¦In view of this, it is far more reasonable to present the different layers of a data warehouse architecture rather than discussing the specifics of any one system. In general, all data warehouse systems have the following layers: ï  ¬Data Source Layer ï  ¬Data Extraction Layer ï  ¬Staging Area ï  ¬ETL Layer ï  ¬Data Storage Layer ï  ¬Data Logic Layer ï  ¬Data Presentation Layer ï  ¬Metadata Layer ï  ¬System Operations Layer ï  ¬ The picture below shows the relationships among the different components of the data warehouse architecture: Metadata Layer Data Source Layer Data Extraction Layer Staging Area ETL Layer Data Storage Layer Data Logic Layer Data Presentation Layer System Operations Layer Each component is discussed individually below: Data Source Layer This represents the different data sources that feed data into the data warehouse. The data source can be of any format - plain text file, relational database, other types of database, Excel file, etc., can all act as a data source. Many different types of data can be a data source:  · Operations - such as sales data, HR data, product data, inventory data, marketing data, systems data.  · Web server logs with user browsing data.  · Internal market research data.  · Third-party data, such as census data, demographics data, or survey data. All these data sources together form the Data Source Layer. Data Extraction Layer Data gets pulled from theShow MoreRelatedMobile Phones And Its Impact On Our Day Lives978 Words   |  4 Pagesjobs in Hadoop ecosystem. It is very difficult to develop the code and reuse it for different business cases. On the other hand, People are very much comfortable to query data using SQL like queries. A team of developers at Facebook developed a dataware house tool namely called as HIVE. Hive supports the queries like SQL type which is called as HiveQL. These queries are compiled as map reduce jobs and are executed using Hadoop. Through HiveQL we can plugin custom map reduce scripts into the queriesRead MoreUnderstanding Of Data Center Bridging1701 Words   |  7 Pagesavailability will definitely costs more, but it will be effective when we perform mistakes. Regular backups complement high availability by preventing data loss during high availability failure. High availability is usually maintained by creating architecture with data sources (DB), resources in two different data centers separated by a reasonable distance. In aws this is is called as avalibility zones (AZ). High availability DB’s are maintained by either mirroring technology or replication mechanismRead MoreBig Data Vs. Public Sector Organizations Essay2516 Words   |  11 Pagesperiod from 1990 till 2014 saw a tremendous growth in hard drives phenomena ranging from couple of hundreds of megabytes to 8 tera bytes and also the cost of hard drives relatively decreased. This is the main reason why we can say that concept of dataware house came in that is organization started considering the need of OLAP as compared to just the earlier relational databases, for analyzing the business and its customer needs and hence we can see huge amount of data getting generated these days as

Monday, December 23, 2019

Winnies Dramatic Story in “Happy Days by Samuel Beckett...

Samuel Beckett’s play, â€Å"Happy Days,† portrays a woman, Winnie, buried in the ground, first up to her waist, then up to her neck, determined to live out her meaningful life. Although her situation is hopeless because she has no idea how she got there, Winnie trusts that her life is meaningful and truly believes that there is nothing she can do to change it. Consequently, Winnie focuses on trivial details to pass each day. Beckett definitely succeeds in making this character’s life dramatic by consuming her life with habits and rituals. Winnie’s life is focused around certain details that help her cope with her anxiety of existence. Beckett shows that internally Winnie is afraid of what cannot be predicted or controlled and therefore†¦show more content†¦Perhaps an evident way Beckett portrays Winnie’s dramatic story is through the variation of the phrase â€Å"this will have been a happy day† that she repeats throughout the play. Winnie proclaims this only after Willie acknowledges her existence. Each time Willie ignores her, Winnie’s conversation becomes futile and she starts to get the feeling that her hopes are false because she spends the majority of her day telling stories and yearning for her husband’s response. Her â€Å"happy days† seem to be when she experiences human interaction. Winnie understands that she talks a lot but she simply talks in hopes to generate some sort of human response. Winnie is overdramatic when Willie even utters a tiny word and proclaims that it is truly a happy day for her, once again renewing her hopes of a happy life. She seems to be a typical dramatic romantic woman who is desperate to keep her relationship with her husband alive. Winnie even admits, â€Å"I am not merely talking to myself, that is in the wilderness, a thing I could never bear to do – for any life of time† (756). She understands that speaking aloud to no au dience is simply just internal thought and is fearful for that day when she will have nobody to talk to. Winnie repeats â€Å"simply gaze before me with compressed lips† (756) throughout the play portraying her fear that one day she will have to resort to staring into space in internal thought only.Show MoreRelatedViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 Pages Chapter –I For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English (Ph. D.) Research Topic Violation of the Maxims of Cooperative Principle in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays. Research Student Mr. Mundhe Ganesh Balavantrao Research Guide Dr. B. A. Jarange Place of Research Institute of Advanced Studies in English, Pune CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) Rationale of the Study 3) Hypothesis 4) Review of the Research Work 5) Aims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and Techniques

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Gap Model of Service Marketing Free Essays

Introduction In a competitive market, a business’s main purpose is to create value for customers, because it is basically the consumer who essentially determines what a business is, even the future success of a business (Karl, 2009). For service marketing, which is the form of marketing focuses on processes deeds and performances, service quality is only way for customers to evaluate their experiences (Susamoo, 2012). Hence, the service quality is one of the most important factors that any service organisation should face. We will write a custom essay sample on Gap Model of Service Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Service quality can be defined as ‘a customers’ perception of how well a service meets or exceeds their expectations’ (Seth, Deshmukh ; Vrat, 2005). However, many consumers are short of the knowledge to evaluate the service they receive, meanwhile, the providers also lack skills to meet customer’s needs. When the experience does not match the expectation, a gap arises. The gap model of service quality identifies five major gaps that organizations seeking to meet customer’s expectations in service delivery process (Turner, Bienstock Reed, 2010). The purpose of this paper is discussing the gaps can occur in delivery of service quality. Besides, this essay will describe the feasible approaches for closing these service quality gaps, and put forward the examples to support. Customer Gap Customer gap is the difference between customer expectations and perceptions (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2006). This gap arises when the customers misinterpret the service quality. The customer expectation is the standards or reference points that customer bring into the service experience, sometimes influenced by their cultural background, lifestyle, personality and so forth. Customer perception is based on the customers’ interaction with service. In ideal world, customer’s expectation world be almost identical to customer’s perception (Talebzade, 2009). However, actually, even some great companies like Apple seem to be increasing significantly their customer gap. Customers complained that they were squeezed by Apple’s service platform, iTunes, because of the high cost of Apps. The App customers expect was high quality and cost-saving service, but the spending was far outstripped their expectation. It caused customers dissatisfied with iTunes services (Sullivan, 2011). Therefore, the results of customer gap are quite predictable, the higher the customer gap, the higher the risk of generating customer dissatisfaction and losing loyalty. In order to close the customer gaps, managers should educate customer to see reality of service delivery and clearly understand the customer expectation. IKEA, the world’s largest furniture retailer used to collect the information about customers’ ideal shopping experience so as to meet customers’ needs before opened its Chicago store. In basis of those feedbacks, IKEA redesigned the store, and made it more appropriate for shopping. Local customers were so satisfied with this store, and rated 85 per cents ‘excellent’ for this store (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2006). Hence, clearly understanding customers’ expectation and perception in advance can help managers to narrow the gap. Knowledge Gap Knowledge gap is the difference between customer expectation of service and company understanding of those expectation (Webb, 2000). Service providers who result in knowledge gap sometimes apply inadequate marketing research orientation and lack of communication with employees and customers. Moreover, the factors of lacking company strategies to strengthen customer relationships and inadequate service recoveries are also the critical reasons to cause knowledge gap. Boeing has been the leader of airplane manufacturing and service providing. However, in 2006, Boeing declared that their cabin broadband access service was suspended, because this service was badly received by passengers. In actual, for passengers, what they want was flights to be on time. Boeing assessed customer expectation in wrong way, and made failure of the service innovation (BBC, 2006). In a customer-orientated business, it is important to have a clear understanding of the customer’s need for service. To close the gap between the customer’s expectation and business’s perception of service delivery, anagers require a set of comprehensive marketing research and adequate upward communication with their customers and employees. For solving this problem, Ritz-Carlton Hotel establishes its Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for improving service quality. The information of registered customers in CRM can help Ritz-Carlton Hotel to customize client’s accommodation experience based on customer’s lifestyle and preference (Delio, 2000). Therefore, for closing knowledge gap and improving service quality, manager should know what customer really want. Design and Standard Gap Design and Standard Gap is the gap between provider’s perception and customer-driven service designs and standards. It may arise when companies are difficultly translating customer expectation into service quality specification. The reasons of this gap occurs can include poor service design, lack of quality specification and failure of maintaining and updating servicescape (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2006). Presently in Taiwan, the tourism sector encourages local farmers to develop their rural tourism in order to attract mainland visitors. Therefore, the number of agents were founded in the last two years. Nevertheless, many agents are not registered with Taiwanese tourism sector, and do not get the appropriate insurances for taking care of tourists (Siow, 2012). The tourist’s expectation is the safe and pleasant journey experience, but the tourism sector cannot supervise this market well. It causes negative impact among visitors. In order to close design and standard gap, managers need make sure that they are defining the level of service quality they believe. For example, Amazon has set standards for specifying the shipping time when a products is unavailable, out of product in local warehouse and other different conditions (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2006). These sets of specifications can improve the efficiency of daily operation, and enhance service quality for customers. Therefore, managers should specify service quality standards that reflect expectation so as to narrow the design and standard gap. Performance Gap Performance Gap is the gap between the service quality specification and service delivery. This gap exposes when service providers fail to deliver service quality according to their goals and standards. Sometimes, service providers who leading this gap have poor human resource policies, or staffs lack of knowledge and skills to delivery service to customers (Chenet, Tynan Money, 2000). Motorola is famous for its performance management. Motorola’s managers believe that the human resource strategy is identical to their performance management. Motorola focuses on the skills of individual employee to improve the process of delivering value to customers. Motorola‘s service performance objectives consist of two parts, business goals and behaviour standards. These two parts work together to improve employee performance and service quality (Ahire, Waller Golhar, 1996). Therefore, for narrowing the performance gap, managers need to audit the customer experience that providers currently deliver, in order to make sure the level of service delivery can live up to the specification (Rajagopal, n. d. ). Besides, managers also should consider the role of employee and customer in delivery process. For Motorola, except for improve staff training and education, managing and analysing the customers’ different requirements are also important. Hence, so as to close the performance gap, managers should coordinate the interaction between employees and customers in delivery process, and make service experiences meet the specification. Communication Gap Communication gap is the gap between the delivery of customer experience and what is communicated with customers (Hudson, 2011). Sometimes, customer expectations are highly influenced by the promises made by service providers. Therefore, this gap arises when service providers are over-promised, and do not match the actual service quality to customers. In 2009, Google launched its music service in mainland China, and cooperated with local music website, Top100 to provide free and legal music. Google promised that customers can create their own online songs list, and easily access to that in any time. However, with the failure of the cooperation with partner, and shut down the mainland division, Google’s music service became unstable. Customers often cannot accesse to their online music list as Google promised. Google over-promised their service and finally cannot perform that (Tejada, 2012). Clearly, Google’s failure is the result of communication gap between customers’ perceptions and Google’s promises. Therefore, so as to narrow the communication gap, managers should ensure service performance quality matches to their promises. Besides, they also need avoid ineffective management of customer expectation and inadequate horizontal communication among different service providers (Zeithaml, Bitner ; Gremler, 2006). As an electronics retail giant, BestBuy have 1150 stores around the world. In each BestBuy store, staffs will clearly and directly promise the returns commitments of goods to customers, and faithfully perform their promises (BestBuy, 2013). Hence, managers need avoid exaggerating what will provide to customer so that finally harming customer’s perceptions. Conclusion This paper has described the five gaps that occur in the process of service delivery. Moreover, a set of approaches so as to close these service quality gaps is explained following each gap model. Today’s consumer has become increasingly demanding. Customers often look at the service quality of both the process and outcomes of service delivery. The delivery of high quality service is one of the most complicated and important tasks for each service provider. The gap model of service quality is a measure of how service supplied by providers meet or surpass customer’s expectation (Ahmed et al, n. d. ). In order to close these gaps, managers should clearly understand customer expectation, set quality specification, manage employee performance and communication channel. To narrow the service quality gap is not only for improving the service quality, but also for delivering value well to customers. References Ahire, SL, Waller, MA ; Golhar, DY 1996, ‘Quality management in TQM versus non-TQM firms: an empirical investigation’, The International Journal of Quality ; Reliability Management, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 8-27, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/197606505/13D0B260F7C754E46B9/3? accountid=14245;. Ahmed, I, Gul, S, Hayat, U ; Qasim, M n. d. Service quality; Service features; and Customer complaint handling as the major determinants of customer satisfaction in Banking sector, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, viewed 24 March 2013, ; http://www. wbiconpro. com/5[1]. ISHFA. pdf;. BestBuy, 2013, Return ; Exchange Policy, BestBuy Official Website, viewed 24 March 2013, ;http://www. bestbuy. com/site/Returns-Refunds/Return-%26-Exchange-Policy/pcmcat260800050014. c? id=pcmcat260800050014;. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 2006, Boeing exits in-flight broadband, BBC, London, viewed 23 March 2013, ; http://news. bc. co. uk/2/hi/business/5261562. stm;. Chenet, P, Tynan, C ; Money, A 2000, ‘The service performance gap: testing the redeveloped causal model’, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 34, no. 3/4, pp. 472-497, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/237021271/13D0B1BB3BD6EE81139/1? accountid=14245;. Delio, M 2000, For Ritz-Carlton, It All Begins with Customer Knowledge, destinationcrm. com, viewed 23 March 2013, ; http://www. destinationcrm. com/Articles/CRM-News/Daily-News/For-Ritz-Carlton-It-All-Begins-with-Customer-Knowledge-47424. spx;. Hudson, P 2011, An examination of how gaps between customer expectations of service quality and actual service quality can arise, Marketing Student Blog, viewed 24 March, ;http://www. phil-hudson. com/an-examination-of-how-gaps-bet ween-customer-expectations-of-service-quality-and-actual-service-quality-can-arise/;. Karl, JA 2009, Customer Service – The Importance of Quality Service, SparkNET, viewed 22 March 2013, ;http://ezinearticles. com/? Customer-Service—The-Importance-of-Quality-Serviceid=2220862. Rajagopal, V n. d. Closing the Gap Between Guest Expectation and Management Perception, Pacific International Hotel Management School, New Plymouth, viewed 24 March 2013, http://hotelexecutive. com/business_review/2382/closing-the-gap-between-guest-expectation-and-management-perception. Seth, N, Deshmukh, SG Vrat, P 2005, ‘Service quality models: a review’, The International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol. 22, no. 8/9, pp. 913-949, viewed 23 March 2013, http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/197664577/13D0AB6BF845920B8F4/1? accountid=14245. Siow, CW 2012, Identify Possible Critical Provider Gap(s) in the Package Tours Sold by Travel Agencies in Singapore, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://digitalscholarship. unlv. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=2335;context=thesesdissertations;. Sullivan, D, 2011, Why Do Amazon ; Apple Hate Families? , Daggle. com, viewed 22 March 2013, ; http://daggle. com/amazon-apple-hate-families-2867;. Susamoo, J 2012, Services Marketing Basics, StudyMode. com, viewed 22 March 2013, ;http://www. studymode. com/essays/Services-Marketing-Basics-1051800. html;. Talebzade, S, 2009, The Customer Service Gap Model, University of Technology, Sydney, viewed 22 March 2013, ; http://www. brainmates. com. au/brainrants/the-customer-service-gap-model;. Tejada, C 2012, Google to Shut Down China Music Service, The Wall Street Journal (Asia Edition), viewed 24 March 2013, ;http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10000872396390444620104578009941960495424. html;. Turner, KF, Bienstock, CC ; Reed, RO, 2010, ‘An Application Of The Conceptual Model Of Service Quality To Independent Auditing Services’, Journal of Applied Business Research, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. -7, viewed March 23 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/733023826/13D0AC1065736D08DC5/1? accountid=14245;. Webb, D 2000, ‘Understanding customer role and its importance in the formation of service quality expectations’, The Service Industries Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-21, viewed 23 March 2013, ;http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. utas. edu. au/business/docview/203346350/13D0AD569442014A8BC/1? accountid=14245. ; Zeithaml, VA, Bitner, MJ ; Gremler, DD 2006, Service Marketing – Integrating Customer Focus Across The Firm, 4th edn, McGraw-Hill, Irwin, Chapter 2, pp. 32-46 , How to cite Gap Model of Service Marketing, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Fibonacci Numbers Essay Example For Students

Fibonacci Numbers Essay Fibonacci NumbersThe Fibonacci numbers were first discovered by a man named LeonardoPisano. He was known by his nickname, Fibonacci. The Fibonacci sequence is asequence in which each term is the sum of the 2 numbers preceding it. The first10 Fibonacci numbers are: (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89). These numbersare obviously recursive. Fibonacci was born around 1170 in Italy, and he died around 1240 inItaly. He played an important role in reviving ancient mathematics and madesignificant contributions of his own. Even though he was born in Italy he waseducated in North Africa where his father held a diplomatic post. He did a lotof traveling with his father. He published a book called Liber abaci, in 1202,after his return to Italy. This book was the first time the Fibonacci numbershad been discussed. It was based on bits of Arithmetic and Algebra thatFibonacci had accumulated during his travels with his father. Liber abaciintroduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system and the use of Arabicnumerals into Europe. This book, though, was somewhat contraversial because itcontradicted and even proved some of the foremost Roman and GrecianMathematicians of the time to be false. He published many famous mathematicalbooks. Some of them were Practica geometriae in 1220 and Liber quadratorum in1225. The Fibonacci sequence is also used in the Pascal trianle. The sum ofeach diagnal row is a fibonacci number. They are also in the right sequence:1,1,2,5,8 Fibonacci sequence has been a big factor in many patterns of things innature. One has found that the fractions u/v representing the screw-likearrangement of leaves quite often are members of the fibonacci sequence. On manyplants, the number of petals is a Fibonacci number: buttercups have 5 petals;lilies and iris have 3 petals; some delphiniums have 8; corn marigolds have 13petals; some asters have 21 whereas daisies can be found with 34, 55 or even 89petals. Fibonacci nmbers are also used with animals. The first problem Fibonaccihad wehn using the Fibonacci numbers was trying to figure out was how fastrabbits could breed in ideal circumstances. Using the sequence he was ale toapproximate the answer. The Fibonacci numbers can also be found in many other patterns. The diagrambelow is what is known as the Fibonacci spiral. We can make another pictureshowing the Fibonacci numbers 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,.. if we start with two smallsquares of size 1, one on top of the other. Now on the right of these draw asquare of size 2 (=1+1). We can now draw a square on top of these, which hassides 3 units long, and another on the left of the picture which as side 5. Wecan continue adding squares around the picture, each new square having a sidewhich is as long as the sum of the latest two squares drawn. If we take the ratio of two successive numbers in Fibonaccis series, (1 1 2 3 58 1 3..) we find:1/1=1; 2/1=2; 3/2=1.5; 5/3=1.666; 8/5=1.6; 13/8=1.625;It is easier to see what is happening if we plot the ratios on a graph:Greeks called the golden ratio and has the value 1.61803. It has someinteresting properties, for instance, to square it, you just add 1. To take itsreciprocal, you just subtract 1. This means all its powers are just wholemultiples of itself plus another whole integer (and guess what these wholeintegers are? Yes! The Fibonacci numbers again!) Fibonacci numbers are a bigfactor in Math, The Golden Ratio, The Pascal Triangle, the production of manyspecies, plants, and much much more.